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zhi shi ÏL ¹ê¡Azhi ke ÏL´ß¡AJie shi ®Ü¹ê 

by: Joe Hing Kwok Chu  (in English and Chinese ¤¤­^¤å)

zhi shi is the immature fruit of citrus aurantium and other varieties while zhi ke is the mature fruit.

Pharmaceutical name:

­^¤åÃĦW¡G

Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii (zhi shi ÏL¹ê)

Fructus Citri Aurantii (zhi ke ÏL´ß)

Biological name:

©Ô¤B´Óª«¾Ç¦W¡G

  1. Citrus aurantium L. ¡]ÏL¡^

  2. Citrus wilsonii Tanaka  ¡]­»òX¡^

  3. Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rafin.  ¡]ÏL¡^

  4. Citrus trifoliata L.  ¡]ÏL¡^

  5. Aegle sepiaria DC  ¡]ÏL¡^

Pron. in Japanese:

¤é»yµo­µ¡G

kijitsu

Pron. in Korean:

Áú»yµo­µ¡G

chisil

Pron. in Cantonese:

粤»yµo­µ¡G

zi2 sat6

Common Name:

´¶³q­^¤å¦W¡G

zhi shi: immature fruit of bitter orange

zhi ke: mature fruit of bitter orange

   Other Names:

    §O¦W¡G

zhi ke ¥u´ß¡Aju ¾Ú¡Aju ju ¬e¾ï¡Azhi ÏL,  ye cheng zi ³¥¾í¤l;  chou ju ¯ä¾ï, tang ju ­ð¾ï;  tie li zhai ÅKÆX¹ë

Distribution:

¤À §G¡G

Jiangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou

¦¿¦è¡A¥|¤t¡A´ò¥_¡A¶Q¦{¡C

Properties (characteristics)

©Ê¨ý¡F

bitter, sour, acrid, slightly cold, non-toxic.

­W¡M »Ä¡M¨¯ ¡M·L´HµL¬r¡C

Channels  entered:

Âk¸g:

zhi shi enters spleen, stomach, and large intestine

channels.

zhi ke enters stomach, and large intestine channels.

ÏL ¹ê¤JµÊ¡M­G¡M¤j¸z¤T¸g¡C

ÏL ´ß¤JµÊ¡M­G¡M ¤G ¸g¡C

Actions & Indications:

  1. Indigestion due to low function;  bloating in chest, abdomen and solar plexus area;

  2. constipation;

  3. diarrhea but difficult to expel, focal distention;

  4. fullness in the chest;

  5. cough with abundance of phlegm;

  6. prolapse of stomach, uterus and rectum.

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  1. ®ðº¢­¹¿n¡M¯Ý¸¡¡M×E¸¡µÈº¡¡M

  2. ¤j«K¯µµ²¡M

  3. Âmµg¤£ºZ¡MùØ«æ«á­«¡M

  4. ¯ÝÞ͵²¯Ý¡M

  5. ·ð¦h«y¹Â¡M­··ð¯t·w¡M·ðÀ㤺ªý¡M´H¾®®ðº¢¡M

  6. ­G¤U««¡M³±®¼²æ¨z¡M¤l®c²æ««¡C

Medical Function:

ÃIJz¡R

  1.  Raise blood pressure

  2.  Improve the strength of contraction and tension of the uterus.

  3.  Diuretics

  4.  Stimulate the smooth muscle of the digestive tract.

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  1. ¤É¦åÀ£§@¥Î

  2. ¯à¨Ï¤l®c¦¬ÁY¦³¤O¡A´£°ªºò±i©Ê

  3. §Q§¿

  4. ¹ï­G¸z¥­·Æ¦Ù¦³¿³¾Ä§@¥Î

Chemical ingredients:

»Ä¾íªG¥Ö§t¾í¥Ö甙 (Hesperidin)¡M·s¾í¥Ö甙 (Neohesperidin)¡A¤t³¯¥Ö¯À(Nobiletin)¡M5-¾F-¥h¥Ò°ò¤t³¯¥Ö¯À (5-0 -desmethyl nobiletin)¡A喹¿Õ啉(Quinoline)¡M¨º¥i¥Å(Narcotine)¡M¥h¥ÒµÇ¤W¸¢¯À (Noradrenaline)¡M¦âÓi(Tryptamine)¡M¹TÓi (Tyramine), ¨¯¥±ªL¡]¹ïßmºÖªLSynephrine), N -¥Ò°ò¹TÓi (N-methyltyramine)¡C

Dosage:

Usual dosage is 3 to 10 g. Large dosage can be up to 15 g.

±`¥Î¶q3¡ã10§J¡A¤j¾¯¶q¥i¥Î¦Ü15§J¡C

Samples of formulae:

chai hu shu gan tang ®ã­JµÎ¨x´ö

zhi shi da huang tang ( Jing Yue Xin Fang):

Application: for edema in ankles and feet.

composition:

qiang huo, 6 g. dang gui 4 g. zhi shi 2 g. da huang 12 g (prepared with wine)

Boil with 600 c.c. of water and render down to 400 c.c. Drink while the stomach is empty.

Stop using when the bowel movements return to normal.

Adjustment to the formula:

If stomachache is acute: add guang mu xiang 6 g

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da cheng qi tang (Shang Han Lun)

Application:

for constipation with sensitive abdomen area

dislike of applied pressure, fever with not chills,

hallucination, dry and yellow tongue, sweating,

strong and deep pulse, heat in all three warmers.

composition:

da huang 16g, hou po 3g, zhi shi 8g, mang xiao 6g.

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ÏL¹ê¤j¶À´ö (´º©¨·s¤è)¡M

ªvÀ㺢¸}®ð¡R

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, 6 克. 當 歸 4 克. 枳實 2 克. 大黃°s·Û 12 §J.

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¤ô¤@Áé¥b,

·Î¤K¤À. ­¹«eªÅ¤ß·ÅªA, ¥H§Q¬°«×. ( ¿ú=3.75 §J)

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¤j©Ó®ð´ö(¶Ë´H½×)¡M

¥Dªv¡R ®m¤U¼öµ²¡R

²Õ¦¨¡R

¤j¶À 16 g¡M«p¦µ 3 g¡MÏL¹ê 8 g¡M¨~µv 6 g.

Modern Application:

being used in shocks.

¥Î©ó¥ð§J

Cautions:

do not use in case of qi deficiency,

spleen and stomach deficiency (weak digestion ), or in enlarged prostate.

or during pregnancy.

According to the Whole Nation of Japan Farmers' Federation, the five kinds of Chinese herb being sold in the market, chen pi, su ye, da zao, jie shishan zhu yu have been tested and showed they contain farm chemical residues. Although there is a suspicion of conflict of interest but the creditability is high. It is better to soak the herb in water and wash it thoroughly before use.

日本農民運動全國聯合會報告目前日本市場上流通銷售的陳 ¥Ö¡BĬ¸­¤j´Ç®Ü¹ê¤s¯üµã五種中藥藥材被檢驗出有六種農藥殘留﹔並以陳皮含量最高。雖然報告單位可能被懷疑有利益衝突﹐可信性相當高。¨Ï¥Î時最好先用水浸洗乾淨。

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®ðµê¡AµÊ­Gµê®z©Î¦bÃh¥¥´Á¶¡©Î«e¦C¸¢ªÎ¤jªÌ·VªA¡C

Note: Synephrine can stimulate  b 1, b 2,  b 3, a1 receptors and increase blood pressure.

µù: ¨¯¥±ªL¡]¹ï羟ºÖªL Synephrine) ¯à¨ë¿E b 1, b 2 b 3, a1 ·P¨ü¾¹©x,  ¦Ó¼W°ª¦åÀ£¡C

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