chuan dong zhang ya cai 川東獐牙菜

Translated and edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu  朱興國編譯

A manuscript... writing and translation in progress

Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Herba Swertiae davidi
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Swertia davidi Franch
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕	chuen tong cheung nga choi
Other Names: 別名﹕	shui ling zhi 水 靈 芝，yu dan cao 魚膽草， qing yu dan cao 青魚膽草， si huang cao 四黃草， shui huang lian 水黄連 , xiao si fang 小四方，he feng cao 河風草，qing ye dan 青葉膽。
Common Name: 英文名﹕
Distribution: 產地﹕	All over the world. According some report, there are about 170 varieties. They are mainly distributed in Asia, Africa, North America. There are about 79 varieties in China and mainly distributed in  western part of Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Zongqing, Qinghai,  and western part of Hubei area, especially in the south western part of China. 廣佈于全世界，據報導大概有170种，主要分布在亞洲、非洲、北美洲，我國约79个品種，主要分布湖南的西部 、雲南、四川、貴州、重慶、 青海及湖 北 西 部 等地區，以西南地區最 為集中。[3]
Properties  characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	cold, extremely bitter. 性寒，味極苦。
Channels  meridians) entered:   歸經﹕
Medical functions: 藥理﹕	antibiotic, anti-inflammatory chuan dong zhang ya cai extract can inhibit Gram-positive bacteria. It concentrate can reach 1:128. The decoction of the whole herb can also inhibit various bacteria, like: Staphylococcus albus, Non-coagulate  Vibrio, typhoid bacteria, paratyphoid type A bacteria,  Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii  Shigella flexneri. Ursolic acid can lower the liver enzyme ALT of laboratory rats, induced by CCl4. Gentian alkaloid possesses the effect of anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, enhancing the effect of sedatives. Methylswertianin possesses anti-tuberculosis effect, enhances the function of the liver, and improves the liver enzyme system. One of the main ingredients, demethylbellidifolin,  protects the myocardium against damage due to ischemia-reperfusion in rats. [4] The following will be translated:
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	Being used in jaundice, enteritis, dysentery, tonsillitis,  red and swollen eyes (acute conjunctivitis) , urinary tract infection, gynecological inflammatory diseases, boils and eczema. Since the 70's it is being used as folk's medicine for hepatitis B, cancer of the liver, cirrhosis of the liver with good result. 具清熱解毒， 利膽健胃等功效。 主要用于黄疸性肝炎， 胃腸炎， 膽囊炎，痢疾， 急性咽喉炎，扁桃腺體炎， 目赤腫痛 (急性结膜炎)，泌尿道感染，婦科炎症， 惡瘡疥癣等症。 70年代以來，民間將川東獐牙菜 (水靈芝)用于乙肝， 肝癌， 肝硬化等症有 好的療效。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone (gentiacaulein) (V), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone (methylswertianin) (VI) and 1,8-dihydroxy-3,4,7-trimethoxyxanthone (VII). [1]  虞瑞生﹐ 陳群芳﹐ 譚桂山﹐ 徐 康平 等人對水黃連進行化學成份研究﹐ 先後分離鑒定出﹕ [1]     The following ingredients were identified by Yu Ruisheng, Chen Chunfeng, Tan Guishan, Xu Kangping et al:
Dosage: 用量﹕
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕

This herb is mainly being used in Sichuan, Hubei, and Hunan areas.

本品原以 四川省的东部为生长地，故命为川 東 獐 亞 菜 。

參 考 ﹕

http://www.wzzyy.net/xsky/slz.ASP

藥學學報 ﹐  2002 年 ﹐ 八 月  37(8)﹔  630-2 作者：徐康平，徐平声，刘 巍，胡高云，余嘉政，谭桂山

^{[2] [3]} 三湘民族醫藥網

^[4] Jiang DJ, Tan GS, Zhou ZH, Xu KP, Ye F, Li YJ.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China.

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