Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Herba Pharbitis
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy; Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt (圓葉牽牛) Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕	na pal kot
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕
Other Names: 別名﹕	wan gong hua 碗公花，la ba hua 喇叭花. da hua quan niu大花牽牛, lie ye quan niu裂葉牽牛hei chou 黑丑, bai chou 白丑
Common Name: 英文名﹕	Imperial Japanese morning glory
Distribution: 產地﹕
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	bitter, cold, slightly toxic.  味苦、性寒。帶小毒。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	lung, kidney, large intestine. 歸肺、腎、大腸經。
Medical functions: 藥理﹕
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	Whole plant is being used in medicine. Being used in: nephritis with edema, ascites from liver cirrhosis, constipation, parasite infection. 藥用全草。 用於： 腎炎水腫、肝硬化腹水、便秘、蟲等。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕
Dosage: 用量﹕	3 to 10 g. 3~10 克。
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	The seed is toxic for human. Large amount can cause vomiting, abdomen pain, diarrhea, mucus and blood in stool and can irritate the kidneys and cause bleeding. In serious cases it can damage the nervous system and cause speech difficulty and Not to use during pregnancy. 牽牛子對人體有毒性，大量使用除直接引起嘔吐、腹痛、腹瀉及粘液血便外，還可刺激腎臟，引起血尿，嚴重者可損及神經系統，發生語言障礙、昏迷等。 孕婦忌服。不宜與巴豆同用。