Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Fructus Ligustri Lucidi
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Ligustrum lucidum
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	joteishi
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕	yojungja
Pron. in Cantonese 粵音﹕	noei5 zing1 zi2
Other Names: 別名﹕
Common Name: 英文名﹕	privet fruit
Distribution: 產地﹕	Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangxi
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	bitter, sweet, neutral  甘﹐苦. 平。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	kidney, liver 肝﹐腎.
Medical functions: 藥理﹕	Medical Functions of the fruits: Regulate immune system Anti inflammatory Anti cancer Effect on circulatory system Lower blood sugar Protect liver Anti oxidization of the side effect of Hematoporphyrin Derivative (HpD) light treatment Medical functions of the leaves: Resist general lack of oxygen Resist lack of oxygen for the heart muscles Improve capillary circulation Effect on cardio-vascular system 種子藥理作用﹕ 增強免疫功能﹐ 抗炎﹐ 抗癌， 血液循環作用﹐ 降低血糖﹐ 護肝 清除自由基等作用。 葉藥理作用﹕ 抗一般缺氧 抗心肌缺氧 增進微循環 心血管作用。
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	for yinxu (yin deficient) 陰虛 and liver yang ascending  resulting in dizziness, cataract of the eyes, lower back pain, premature graying of the hair and tinnitus 因 陰虛 與 肝 陽 上亢  而 致眩暈﹐白內障﹐腰背酸痛﹐耳鳴﹐鬚髮早白。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	1. [oleanolic acid], [ursolic acid][1]. 2. [apigenin-7-glucoside], [luteolin-7-glucoside][2], [cyanidine-3-glucoside], [cyanidine-3-rutinoside], [malvidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside][3]. 3. [Na, 23ppm], [Ca, 1170ppm], [Mg, 300ppm], [Zn, 5.00ppm], [Fe, 4.50ppm], [Cu, 0.28ppm], [Mn, 1.60ppm], [Ni, 0.049ppm], [Cr, 0.02ppm], [Ag, 0.008ppm][5]. 4. [hydroxyphenyl ethyl alcohol][2], [d-mannitol][6].
Dosage: 用量﹕	4.5 to 15 g 4.5 ~ 15 克。
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕	A combination of wu wei zi, nu zhen zi, yin er,  shan yao can inhibit free radicals and slow aging in lab animals. 由五味子﹐女貞子﹐靈芝﹐銀耳﹐淮 山藥 組成的複方能抑制自由基的產生，延緩衰老。
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒性與禁忌﹕	This herb has low toxicity but over dose can cause diarrhea. Not to use in cases of yangxu (yang deficient), or diarrhea due to pixu (spleen deficient) 本品毒性低。但多用易致滑腸。 陽虛，或 脾虛 泄瀉者，不宜應用。