Note:

p53 is an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene whose gene product regulates the cell growth cycle. Mutations of the p53 gene have been found frequently in carcinoma of colon, lung, breast as well as osteogenic sarcoma.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8227547

http://www.taiwanclassic.com/teps/ec/ecjnlarticleView.aspx?jnlcattype=1&jnlptype=5&jnltype=44&jnliid=675&issueiid=2461&atliid=21427

B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (bcl2): A gene associated with non-Hodgkin\'s lymphoma that normally helps regulate the life span of a white blood cell but when mutated prevents such cells from dying, allowing possible further mutations and the development of cancer. （Answers.com)

Oncogene: is a gene that causes the transformation of normal cells into cancerous tumor cells, especially a viral gene that transforms a host cell into a tumor cell.

Piracetam: Piracetam (brand name: Nootropil, Qropi, Myocalm, Dinagen) is a nootropic. It  is claimed to enhance cognition and memory, slow down brain aging, increase blood flow and oxygen to the brain, aid stroke recovery, and improve Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, dementia, and dyslexia, among others.[1] Piracetam\\\'s chemical name is 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide; it shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with 2-oxo-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid (pyroglutamate). Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of GABA. It is one of the racetams. Piracetam is prescribed by doctors for some conditions, mainly myoclonus,1 but is used off-label for a much wider range of applications. However, some treat it as a food supplement rather than a drug. (from Wikipedia).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&list_uids=596

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山西中醫學院學報    2007年01期

孔聖枕中丹對痴呆動物模型抗凋亡作用及機制的研究
Anti-apoptotic Effect of Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill on Rats with Vascular Dementia

<<山西中醫學院學報 >>2007年01期
季旭明 , 王芳 , 江濤

 

目的:研究孔聖枕中丹抗痴呆動物模型海馬神經元細胞凋亡的作用及機制.

方法:將50隻Wister大鼠隨機分為正常組，模型組，腦復康組，孔聖枕中丹低劑量組，高劑量組。每組10隻.除正常組外,將其餘大鼠製成血管性痴呆大鼠模型。 給大鼠灌胃後， 採用流式細胞技術檢測神經元凋亡率及bcl-2的表達，採用免疫組織化學法觀察p53的表達。結果:孔聖枕中丹，腦復康 均能降低血管性痴呆大鼠腦海馬神經元凋亡率和bcl-2表達,提高p53表達,兩組比較無顯著性差異。

結論:孔聖枕中丹能抑制神經元細胞凋亡,其機制可能與增強p53表達，降低bcl-2表達有關.
 

註：

流式細胞技術（flow cytometry）是用流式細胞儀（flow cytometer）流體狀態下觀測細胞的一種技術。流式細胞儀（flow cytometer）則是指細胞於流體狀態下移動時，能夠觀測及記錄細胞特質的儀器。

免疫組織化學法可以偵測到基因的最終產物－蛋白質及特殊的微量分子，它是一種可用來偵測基因表現的方法。

bcl2 是與非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤有關的基因。正常時此基因帮助控制白细胞的寿命， 但是如發生突變時能防止白细胞死亡，致使繼續突變而變成癌症。

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