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阿膠﹐鹿角膠﹐豬皮膠的區別


阿膠又稱驢皮膠,為馬科動物驢的皮經煎熬濃縮而成的干燥膠塊。呈長方形或方形 膠塊,黑褐色,有光澤,對光透視顯琥珀色半透明狀。質硬而脆,斷面光亮。氣微,味微甘。取本品少許加沸水約3倍攪拌10∼60分鐘溶解,溶液呈透明的紅茶色,清而不 濁,冷卻後,液面可見少數油滴,放置不凝集,微帶腥氣。

  豬皮膠又稱新膠,系豬皮熬制而成,呈方塊狀,表面棕褐色,對光透視不透明,斷面不光亮。取本品少許加入沸水溶解,水溶液棕褐色,混濁不透明,冷卻後表面有一 層脂肪油,有強烈的肉皮湯味,味微甜,功效同阿膠。

  鹿角膠為鹿角經水煎熬濃縮制成的固體膠,呈扁方塊,黃棕色或紅棕色,半透明,有的上部有黃白色泡沫層。質脆,易碎,斷面光亮。取本品少許加入3倍量沸水,2∼5分 鐘可溶解,溶液呈淺紅色液體,液面有較多油滴。鹿角膠性溫,味甘 ﹐咸。

  阿膠,鹿角膠,豬皮膠也可採用紫外光譜法鑒別,方法為:

  分別取樣品少許,精密稱定,加50%的乙醇溶解過濾,配制成每毫升含樣品1mg的溶液,置紫外分光光度計掃描測定。阿膠270∼280nm有最大吸收峰,鹿角 膠290nm處有最大吸收峰,而豬皮膠則無明顯吸收峰。


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