Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Lumbricus
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Allolobophora calinosa (Savigny) trapezoides (Ant. Duges) Pheretima asiatica (縞蚯蚓又名：土地龍) Pheretima aspergillum (Perricr) (三環毛蚓 又名：廣地龍)
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	jiryu
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕	chiyong
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕	tay long
Other Names: 別名﹕	qiu yin 蚯蚓, guang di long 廣地龍, gan di long 乾地龍
Common Name: 英文名﹕	earth worm, lumbricus
Distribution: 產地﹕	Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and throughout China
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	salty, cold. 鹹，寒。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	stomach, bladder, liver, lung, spleen. 入胃、膀胱﹐脾、肝、腎經。
Medical functions: 藥理﹕	anti-histamine and calming asthma expand bronchi antipyretic sedative and anti-convulsion lower blood pressure diuretic effect   抗組織胺和平喘作用 擴張支氣管 解熱作用 鎮靜抗驚厥作用 降血壓作用 利尿作用
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	high fever and spasms, convulsions, painful joints due to arthritis and paralysis, heat type of wheezing/asthma,  (single item of ground up di long can be used ) injuries and pain edema and difficulty in urination   高熱抽搐等症。 風濕痹痛，半身不遂等症。 熱症哮喘。可研末單用。 跌打疼痛 小便不利、水腫等症。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	lumbrofefbrine, lumbritin, terrestro-lumbrolysin, hypoxanthine, xanthine, adenine, guanine, choline, guanidine, ornithine, lysine, serine, proline, glycine, cystine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, neutral lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides, complex lipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, dehydrogenase isoenzyme, esterase isoenzyme.
Dosage: 用量﹕	for decoction: 4 g ~12 g.  In powder form: 2 g to 4 g. Concentrated extract: 0.5 ~ 2 g. 4 g ~12 g，煎服。研末吞服，每次 2 g to 4 g。 濃縮中藥：0.5～2 g
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕	Wheezing cough due to lung heat: di long,ma huang麻 黃 , xing ren, huang qin黃 芩. lower back and leg pain due to physical injuries: di long, dang gui當 歸 , rou gui 肉 桂 hot painful urinary dysfunction with stones, urine retention, or edema: di long, niu xi 牛膝  dong kui zi冬 葵 子 , jin qian cao金錢草 hypertension with liver yang ascending: di long, dan shen丹 參  , ci shi (magnetitum)
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	large amount can be toxic. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, palpitation, difficulty in breathing, and initially the blood pressure goes up and then goes down, sometimes the digestive tract may show bleeding. 大劑量會有毒。症狀包括頭痛﹐頭暈﹐心悸﹐呼吸困難﹐血壓初始上昇然後下降﹐有時消化道會有出血症狀。